Table 4 Biophilic design patterns in the case studies
From: Activating biophilic design patterns as a sustainable landscape approach
Categories | Biophilic design patterns | Case 1 Greenacre Park | Case 2 Paley Park |
|---|---|---|---|
Nature in the space | Visual connection with nature | Ivy covering west wall | Locust trees and ivy |
Different planting throughout space | Waterfall | ||
Non-visual connection with nature | Sound of water | Sound of splashing waterfall | |
Smell of plants | |||
Cool air flowing of the water | |||
Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli | Water features | Waterfall | |
Rustling ivy & tree canopy above | Rustling canopy leaves | ||
Birds flit in & out of space | Ivy covered walls | ||
Thermal & airflow variability | Cool air from water features | Cooling effect from waterfall spray | |
Shading provided by trees | Different levels of shading from locust trees | ||
Movable furniture to ensure preferred conditions | Movable furniture to ensure preferred conditions | ||
Presence of water | Water flowing through stone sculpture | 20 ft. waterfall | |
25 ft. tall waterfall | |||
Dynamic & diffuse light | Light filters through tree canopy | Dappled light filtering through tree canopy | |
Different levels experience different light infiltration | Different levels of light penetration through ivy covered wall | ||
Connection with natural systems | Observing birds, insects and plant life interactions | Seasonal changes in canopy cover | |
Seasonal changes in canopy densities and colours | |||
Natural analogues | Biomorphic forms & patterns | Not represented in design | Not represented in design |
Material connection with nature | Rough stones and granite used in sculpture, waterfall and benches | Ivy-covered walls | |
Complexity & order | Varying size and texture of stones in dripping wall | Not represented in design | |
Nature of the space | Prospect | Upper level elevated above street | Raised entrance and seating, providing views to busy street beyond |
Refuge | Enclosed by 3 walls with a covered entry | Limited visual access to street | |
Lower level veiled by plantings | Inward faced and protected benches | ||
Waterfall sounds | Waterfall sounds | ||
Mystery | Lower level not visible from the entryway | Not represented in design | |
Risk/peril | Not represented in design | Not represented in design |