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Table 8 BGC and BGC-MAB asphalt concrete leaching results

From: Optimizing biochar-based geopolymer composites for enhanced water resistance in asphalt mixes: an experimental, microstructural, and multi-objective analysis

Variable

  

Leaching value (mg/L)

As

Ba

Cd

Cr

Cu

Ni

Pb

Zn

USEPA limits

5

100

0.11

0.60

-

11

0.75

4.3

BGC

3.45

0.29

-

0.002

1.09

0.19

0.001

0.51

Control sample

3.71

0.52

0.087

0.009

0.021

0.204

0.029

0.031

BGC-MAB sample

3.78

0.45

0.091

0.021

0.019

0.185

0.031

0.024