Table 1 Some related studies of interply and intraply natural/synthetic hybrid composites
From: Mechanical properties of interply and intraply hybrid laminates based on jute-glass/epoxy composites
Natural/synthetic fibers composite | Types of fibers and hybrid configuration | Research area | Main finding(s) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Jute/glass | Woven (interply) | Tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength | â–ª The G2JG hybrid composites exhibited the highest tensile properties among other tested hybrids â–ª The GJGJ hybrid composites exhibited the highest flexural properties among other tested hybrids and they approached those provided by pure glass counterparts â–ª The G2JG hybrid composites provided the highest interlaminar shear strength among other hybrid composites including pure glass counterparts | [6] |
Jute/glass | Woven jute/plain-weave glass fabrics (interply) | Tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength | â–ª The 3G4J3G provided the highest tensile and flexural properties among other hybrid composites â–ª 2G6J2G provided the highest interlaminar shear strength among other hybrid composites | [15] |
Flax/glass | Unidirectional (interply) | Tensile, fracture toughness, and interlaminar shear strength | â–ª Tensile properties are reduced with reducing glass weight fraction â–ª Hybrid composites have higher fracture toughness and interlaminar shear strength than pure glass composites | [16] |
Jute/glass and jute/carbon | Plain-weave (interply) | Tensile, and Charpy impact | â–ª Tensile properties are reduced by reducing the weight fraction of synthetic fibers â–ª Best hybrid composites against tensile strength were JGJG and J2CJ â–ª The G2JG and C2JC provided the highest impact resistance among other hybrids | [19] |
Jute/carbon | Unidirectional (interply) | Tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact | â–ª The 3J4C3J and 2C6J2C provided the highest tensile strength and flexural strength among other hybrid composites, respectively â–ª No significant variation in the impact strength with changing the stacking sequence of jute and carbon fiber plies | [20] |
Jute/glass | Woven (interply) | Tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and interlaminar shear strength | â–ª The hybrid stacking sequence of 2G4J2G was better than 2J3G2J | [21] |
Jute/glass | Woven jute/glass mat (interply) | Tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis | â–ª The GJGJG provided higher mechanical properties compared to other hybrids â–ª Hybrid composites showed the highest storage modulus than neat jute and neat glass composites â–ª Highest damping is provided by neat jute composites | [24] |
Jute/glass and flax/glass | Woven (interply) | Low velocity drop weight impact | â–ª The impact test results showed that the natural or hybrid composites absorbed more impact energy than glass composites | [26] |
Jute-abaca/glass | Strips of jute and abaca fibers in the core/woven glass on the skin (intraply jute/abaca) | Tensile, flexural, double shear, Charpy impact, and inter-delamination | â–ª No comparison with individual fiber composites â–ª Samples made up of higher abaca content displayed better results and were found to be superior to other test samples | [27] |
Jute/glass, banana/glass, and Jute-banana/glass | Woven (intraply with single mat consists of glass yarn in one direction and natural fiber yarn in the other direction) | Tensile, flexural, Izod impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis | â–ª Tensile and flexural properties were lower than pure glass counterparts â–ª The intraply hybrid composites improved the impact strength and damping characteristics significantly | [28] |
Jute/glass | Woven (interply and intraply) | Tensile, flexural, and moisture absorption | â–ª Tensile properties of a single layer of intraply jute/glass hybrid composites showed intermediate properties between pure glass and pure jute counterparts â–ª The GJGJG interply hybrid composites exhibited higher flexural properties â–ª Intraply hybrid composites presented higher resistance to moisture compared to the tested interply hybrid composites | [29] |
Flax/carbon | Unidirectional (interply and intraply) | Fatigue life | â–ª Intraply hybrid configuration showed a very large increase in fatigue life (more than 2000%) compared to interply hybrid configuration for the similar mass of both fibers | [30] |
Jute/glass | Woven (interply) | Tensile, flexural, Charpy impact, and vibration characteristics | â–ª Hybrid composites with lower jute weight fraction provided the higher tensile, flexural, and impact properties â–ª Hybrid composites with higher jute fiber fraction exhibited higher vibration characteristics â–ª Hybrid composites showed better mechanical properties and vibration characteristics when they were related to their densities (i.e., specific properties) | [31] |
Jute/glass and flax/glass | Plain-weave (interply) | Tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear, and vibration characteristics | â–ª No significant change in the tensile properties when layering natural fibers (i.e., jute or flax) in the core or on the skin of the hybrid composites â–ª Putting glass fibers on the skin of the hybrid composites improved the flexural properties of hybrids with glass core reinforcement â–ª The G2JG and G2FG exhibited higher interlaminar shear strength than their pure glass counterparts â–ª Inserting glass layers in the core of the hybrid composite improved the damping by 155% and 100% for the J2GJ and F2GF, respectively, over pure glass counterparts | [32] |
Curaua/aramid | Non-woven curaua mat/woven aramid (interply with non-alternating configuration) | Tensile and Charpy impact | â–ª Tensile and impact properties are reduced with increasing the content of curaua instead of aramid fibers (replacement of four to five layers of aramid by a single Curaua mat) â–ª According to the novel proposed reduction maps, hybridization of curaua and aramid exhibited advantages if the replacement was for nine or more aramid layers | [33] |
Curaua/aramid | Non-woven curaua mat/woven aramid (interply with non-alternating configuration) (interply) | Flexural and Charpy impact | â–ª Replacement of aramid fabrics by curaua fibers reduced flexural and impact properties while increasing the curaua content â–ª Hybrid curaua/aramid composites exhibited lower delamination and transverse deformation | [34] |
Abaca/glass, Banana/glass, and abaca-banana/glass | Unidirectional (interply with alternating and non-alternating configurations) | Tensile, flexural, and Izod impact | â–ª Highest tensile strength was provided by abaca-banana/glass hybrid composite â–ª Highest flexural strength was provided by Banana/glass composite â–ª Abaca/glass composite provided the highest impact strength | [35] |
Coir/Kevlar | Woven (intraply with replacing all Kevlar yarns in either the warp or weft direction by coir yarns) | Charpy impact and flexural | â–ª Intraply hybrid coir/Kevlar composites provided impact strength up to approximately 94% of the pure Kevlar counterparts â–ª Flexural strength of intraply hybrid composites was higher than pure Kevlar counterparts (Note: no rupture occurred in these composites when the maximum lateral load applied was applied due to using a single ply of fabric in each composite) | [36] |
Kenaf/glass | Unidirectional kenaf fibers/woven glass (interply) | Tensile, flexural, and Izod impact | â–ª Tensile and flexural properties were higher than typical bumper beam material, but impact energy was still lower | [37] |