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Table 5 Average Nusselt number variation at different Ra for Ar = 0.6 and ϕ = 0.05

From: Simulation of CuO-water nanofluid natural convection in a U-shaped enclosure with a T-shaped baffle

Ra

Num (without baffle)

Num (straight baffle)

Num (T-shaped baffle)

104

3.6863

5.6951

9.2026

105

6.6313

8.9328

11.8182

106

16.6029

18.5878

19.5398