Bioadsorbents for the removal of salt ions from saline water: a comprehensive review

Journal of Engineering and Applied Science

Table 3 Best-fitting kinetic models applied in the bioadsorption of salinity causing ions

Kinetics	Linear form	Bioadsorbent	Reference
Pseudo-first order model	\(\mathit{log}\left(qe-{q}_{t}\right)=\mathit{log}\;{q}_{e}-\frac{{k}_{1}}{2.303}t\)	SCB and BP	[44]
Pseudo-first order model		Cynodon dactylon based activated carbon	[31]
Pseudo-second order model	\(\frac{t}{{q}_{t}}=\frac{1}{{k}^{2}{q}_{e}^{2}}+\frac{1}{{q}_{e}}t\)	Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Kikar (Acacia arabica) leaves	[52]
		Rice Husk activated carbon	[72]
		Phragmites australis (Reed)	[51]

Where
• q_e and q_t (mg/g) are the sorption capacity at equilibrium and at time t (min), respectively and
• k₁ is the rate constant of the pseudo-first order equation (min^-1)
• k₂ is the rate constant of pseudo-second order sorption (g/mg min)