Table 3 Parameters and indicators identified for fostering CE through C&DWM

Waste Reduction

• Prediction of waste to be generated at early design phases

• Design for reuse & recovery

• Design for Recycling

• Design for Waste Efficient Procurement

• Zero waste Site

• Fit Out Waste Management

[5, 17, 18, 23, 24, 26, 28, 36, 44, 46, 47, 69, 72]

Construction & Demolition Waste Management (C&DWM)

• Warehouse for Demolished construction materials/elements

• Local-level waste management company for handling and supplying

• Urban Mining & Recycling Unit

• C&DWM Tools

• Distance of C&DW Recycling Plants

• Quality of C&DW

• Standards and Specifications towards the use of CDW

• Training & Surveillance Practices related to C&DWM

• Use of mobile phone applications for valorizing, reuse & recycling of C&DW

• Defining a System Boundary & Assessment Period for C&DW

[19, 20, 41, 48, 61, 78, 81]