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Table 1 Description of states

From: Availability and cost–benefit analysis of a fault tolerant series–parallel system with human-robotic operators

States

Description

\({S}_{0}\)

\({S}_{0}{ }\) is the ideal state in which the two subsystems and their respective units work perfectly

\({S}_{1}\)

In this state, the first unit of subsystem 1 has failed, but the other two units in subsystem 2 are working perfectly. The system is working

\({S}_{2}\)

In this state, one unit has previously failed in subsystem 1, and the first unit from subsystem 2 unexpectedly failed, but the other units from both subsystems 1 and 2 are fully operational. The system is now operational

\({S}_{3}\)

This state denotes total failure as a result of the failure of both units in subsystem 1

\({S}_{4}\)

This state represents total failure as a result of the failure of both subsystem 2 units

\({S}_{5}\)

This state denotes complete failure due to human operator error

\({S}_{6}\)

This state also represents complete failure due to robot operator error

\({S}_{7}\)

This state is a complete failure due to common cause failure