Enhanced fault diagnosis of wind energy conversion systems using ensemble learning based on sine cosine algorithm

Journal of Engineering and Applied Science

Table 2 Description of the diverse labeled failures injected in the WEC system

Fault side	Symbol	Fault description
Generator side	HIGBT1GeS	SC1: A short circuit fault that impacts only the first high IGBT (HIGBT) in the first arm of the converter generator side. OC1: An open circuit fault that impacts the first high IGBT in the first arm of the converter generator side. WO1: A wear-out fault that affects the first high IGBT in the first arm of the converter generator side.
Grid side	HIGBT1GrS	SC2: A short circuit fault that affects only the first high IGBT in the first arm of the converter grid side. OC2: An open circuit fault that affects only the first high IGBT in the first arm of the converter grid side. WO2: A wear-out fault that affects the first high IGBT in the first arm of the converter grid side.