Table 11 Experimental uncertainties

Random uncertainty

1. Temperature uncertainty — randomly measuring the spread of temperature

2. Pressure uncertainty — randomly measuring the spread of pressure

Instrumental uncertainty

1. Flowmeter: instrumental uncertainty in measuring the rate of fluid flow of impingement fluid

2. Pressure gauge: this instrumental uncertainty is based on measuring the water pump pressure

3. Thermocouple: installation and testing instrumental uncertainty, based on the measuring hot rolled steel plate temperature

4. Volume flow rate measuring cylinder: instrumental uncertainty that happened as a result of measuring the used and unused water using a calibrated volumetric cylinder

5. Stopwatch: time uncertainty

Reduction uncertainty

1. Temperature reduction: the uncertainty is the percentage value of error and average temperature measured value

2. Pressure reduction: the percentage value of error and average pressure measured value