Evolutionary urban resilience as an incremental approach to sustainability: a multifunctional pluvial flood and wastewater risk reduction framework

Journal of Engineering and Applied Science

Table 4 Integrated urban water systems

System	Country, year	Tools	Objective—characteristics	Ref.
Best management practices BMP	USA, 1970s	Storage tanks Filtration/infiltration measures Constructed wetlands and retention ponds	Systems to limit water pollution caused by industry and stormwater.	[20]
Low-impact development LID	USA		Mimicking the natural hydrological response and absorbing urban stormwater	[21]
Water-sensitive urban design WSUD	Australia, 1990s		Addressing storm-water quantity/quality issues and environmental protection in sustainable and resilient cities	[1, 20]
Sustainable urban drainage systems SUDS	UK, 1990s		Handling the flood hazards and water pollution	[1, 22]
Sponge cities SC	China, 2014		Resolving urban water and climate risks problems and reinforcing urban resilience	[1]
Blue-green systems BGS	UK, 2000s		Restore the previous pre-urbanized hydrological function by using multifunctional green infrastructure	[22]
LIDUD	New Zealand, 1990s		Combined measures of the American LID and the Australian WSUD systems.	[23]