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Table 1 Traditional vs resilient approaches. Ref: adopted from Zevenbergen et al. [9]

From: Evolutionary urban resilience as an incremental approach to sustainability: a multifunctional pluvial flood and wastewater risk reduction framework

 

Traditional approaches

Resilient approaches

System changes

Stable and predictable

Uncertain

Changes handling

Control and preserve

Sustain and adapt

Planning timeframe

30 year

Long-term (up to 100 years)

Planning process

Linear (sequential)

Circular (continuous process alignment)

Strategy making

Top-down

Bottom-up and top-down

Focus

Probability reduction

Less vulnerability

System nature

Aims with static standards

Strategic alternatives and whole solutions