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Table 3 Advantages of EK-EOR on heavy oil reservoirs [37]

From: Effectiveness of electrokinetic-enhanced oil recovery (EK-EOR): a systematic review

Process limitation

EK-EOR

Steam flood

CO2 flood

Fire flood

Surfactant flood

Co-solvent flood

Front end costs

Power supply cables Electrodes

Steam Generator Compressor Transmission lines

CO2 supply compressor Transmission lines

Compressor Transmission lines

Mixing tanks Pumps Transmission lines

Mixing tanks Pumps Transmission lines

Uniform sweep

Yes

No-thief zones

No-thief zones

No-thief zones

No-thief zones

No-thief zones

Depth limitations

No

 ≤ 2500 ft

No

No

No

No

Water demand

Nil

Very high

None

None

High

Variable

Operational limitations

None

Emission and water supply limits

None

None

Hazardous chemicals

Hazardous chemicals

Reservoir and crude type

High and low permeability

High permeability non-reactive matrix

High permeability

High permeability

High permeability

High permeability

Maturity

Field demonstrated

Commercial

Commercial

Commercial

Pilot tested

Pilot tested