From: Effectiveness of electrokinetic-enhanced oil recovery (EK-EOR): a systematic review
Process limitation | EK-EOR | Steam flood | CO2 flood | Fire flood | Surfactant flood | Co-solvent flood |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front end costs | Power supply cables Electrodes | Steam Generator Compressor Transmission lines | CO2 supply compressor Transmission lines | Compressor Transmission lines | Mixing tanks Pumps Transmission lines | Mixing tanks Pumps Transmission lines |
Uniform sweep | Yes | No-thief zones | No-thief zones | No-thief zones | No-thief zones | No-thief zones |
Depth limitations | No |  ≤ 2500 ft | No | No | No | No |
Water demand | Nil | Very high | None | None | High | Variable |
Operational limitations | None | Emission and water supply limits | None | None | Hazardous chemicals | Hazardous chemicals |
Reservoir and crude type | High and low permeability | High permeability non-reactive matrix | High permeability | High permeability | High permeability | High permeability |
Maturity | Field demonstrated | Commercial | Commercial | Commercial | Pilot tested | Pilot tested |