Base material | Tool material | Tool geometry | Tool shape | Process parameters | Significant findings | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31-MWCNTs | SKD61 | ShD-12 mm, PiD-4 mm Pil-1.8 mm | Cylindrical | RS-1500 rpm TS-25–100 mm/min | 1. Hardness of AZ31-Mg matrix increases with almost two times due to addition of MWCNTs as compared to base material 2. Fine grains with less than 500 nm can be achieved. | [122] |
AZ31-MWCNTs | H-13 | ShD-20 mm PiD-4 mm Pil-3 mm | Cylindrical | RS-1500 rpm TS-80 mm/min | 1. Increase in wear resistance and hardness with almost double than the base metal with the addition of MWCNTs. 2. Fine grain microstructure. | [123] |
AZ31-MWCNTs | Steel | ShD-20 mm PiD-2,4,6,8(PSSC) 0.5,2,3.5,5(PSSS) 5 mm(SC) | Cylindrical | RS-1250 rpm TS-25 mm/min | 1. Stepped tools produce fine grains as compared to conventional tools. 2. Uniform and fine grain microstructure micro-structure with higher amount of CNT, low speed ratio and multi-pass FSP. | [124] |