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Table 5 Brief summary of Mg-MWCNTs surface MMCs by FSP as available in the literature

From: Study on surface modification and fabrication of surface composites of magnesium alloys by friction stir processing: a review

Base material

Tool material

Tool geometry

Tool shape

Process parameters

Significant findings

Ref

AZ31-MWCNTs

SKD61

ShD-12 mm, PiD-4 mm Pil-1.8 mm

Cylindrical

RS-1500 rpm TS-25–100 mm/min

1. Hardness of AZ31-Mg matrix increases with almost two times due to addition of MWCNTs as compared to base material 2. Fine grains with less than 500 nm can be achieved.

[122]

AZ31-MWCNTs

H-13

ShD-20 mm PiD-4 mm Pil-3 mm

Cylindrical

RS-1500 rpm TS-80 mm/min

1. Increase in wear resistance and hardness with almost double than the base metal with the addition of MWCNTs. 2. Fine grain microstructure.

[123]

AZ31-MWCNTs

Steel

ShD-20 mm PiD-2,4,6,8(PSSC) 0.5,2,3.5,5(PSSS) 5 mm(SC)

Cylindrical

RS-1250 rpm TS-25 mm/min

1. Stepped tools produce fine grains as compared to conventional tools. 2. Uniform and fine grain microstructure micro-structure with higher amount of CNT, low speed ratio and multi-pass FSP.

[124]

  1. ShD shoulder diameter of tool, PiD pin diameter of tool, Pil pin length of tool, RS rotational speed of tool, TS traverse speed of tool4