Table 4 Illustration for smart city indicators and R01 principle or urban resilience

Smart economy

S01

Research and development expenditure

Applying different innovations and digital interventions in R&D provides good resources management and documentation using different strategies.

[19, 75, 76]

S05

Number of start-ups

Increasing start-ups in communities guarantee resources, products, and different services.

[8, 19, 23, 47]

Smart people

S10

Internet service quality and coverage of broad bands

Enhancing internet connections guarantees connectivity and simultaneous access to different resources, in addition to communication requirements.

[15, 21, 46, 77]

S13

Free Wi-Fi coverage in public spaces

[8, 23]

S15

Strong leadership promoting innovation and smart solutions

Ensuring strong leadership and actions in case of emergencies guarantees prompt decision-making process and good resources management, with the assistance of ICT solutions.

[19, 75, 76]

Smart governance

S18

E-governance and online civic engagement in decision making

Facilitating online public reporting and online citizen participation in the decision-making process. This benefits decisions related to resources allocation and management regarding production and consumption.

[21, 46]

S20

Sustainable and natural resources management

Reducing resources consumptions and managing their distribution through purposive economic shifts that promote human capacities.

[8, 78, 79]

Smart environment

S21

ICT enabled environment monitoring infrastructure and activities

Managing different resources and using ICT to guarantee availability, accessibility, and productivity.

[8, 23, 47]

S22

Environmental ecosystem protection

Improving the accessibility of environmental information and enhancing environmental conservation. By empowering citizens’ participation in decision-making regarding environmental issues.

[8, 19, 23]

S23

Energy-efficient management and usage using ICT

Providing a quantitative basis for controlling resource consumption and reduction besides promoting the efficient use of different resources.

Also, ICT could be promoting guidance in water quality management systems which contributes to risk mitigation.

[78, 79]

S24

Quality monitoring of water

[19, 75, 76]

S25

Efficient generation, distribution, and usage of water

[19, 75, 76, 80]

S26

Smart solid waste collection, disposal, and treatment

Creating systems for smart waste disposals and adoption of treatment and recycling technologies that provide different resources like biogas and landfill gas.

[81]

Smart living

S29

Smart accessibility to utilities and services

Providing quick and smart access to different utilities and services promotes resources management and monitoring which control the supply and demand issues.

[8, 47]

Smart mobility

S47

ICT usage in management systems

Managing mobility using smart interventions mitigates climate change and reduces urban noise levels which creates more efficient and healthier environments.

[8, 78, 79]

Smart data

S53

Open data platforms

Improving data accessibility, transparency, and accountability which facilitates different participations and practices in resource’ management.

[47]

S54

Data availability in open format

[8, 47]