Table 1 Principles of urban resilience adopted from [19, 20, 23]

R01

Resources and materials availability, quality, and accessibility

Monitoring and protecting of the ecosystem.

Reducing the environmental impact.

Conserving wildlife and biodiversity.

Managing materials and resources.

R02

Communities’ safety, culture, and wellbeing

Composing population.

Connecting people using community groups.

Sharing assets.

Encouraging place attachment.

Preventing and reducing crime.

Providing security services.

Enhancing physical and psychological health.

Providing health measures.

Learning from past experience dealing with disasters

R03

Economic structure’s security, stability, and dynamism

Increasing employment rates.

Reducing illiteracy and increasing individual skills.

Enhancing collective ownership of community assets.

Increasing diverse economic structures and livelihood strategies.

Encouraging private investment in addition to public - private ownership.

Making balance in the local market in terms of supply and demand

R04

Built environment and infrastructure robustness and redundancy

Enhancing redundancy and robustness of infrastructures, buildings and facilities.

Enhancing spatial distribution of critical infrastructure.

Enhancing multi-functionality of spaces and facilities.

Retrofitting and renewing of built environment.

Establishing diverse, reliable ICT networks.

Encouraging mixed use development and compact urban form.

Developing diverse public spaces and communal facilities.

Enhancing connectivity and streets' typologies.

Enhancing green and blue infrastructures.

R05

Institutions and governance planning mechanisms and its effectiveness of community organizations relationships

Sharing integrated and updated long-term vision.

Adopting multi-stakeholders planning and decision making.

Decentralizing responsibilities and resources.

Managing resources efficiently.

Adopting professional emergency response and recovery skills.

Integrating risk reduction into development policies and plans.

Updating risk assessment scenarios for different infrastructures and organizations.

Developing a standardized and updated data base for action planning, monitoring and evaluation.

Including transit population in emergency planning.

Adopting innovative technologies.