Skip to main content

Table 3 Mathematical notations and definitions

From: Application of cell-free massive MIMO in 5G and beyond 5G wireless networks: a survey

Notations

Definitions

K, M, Nap

Number of UEs, APs, and antennas per AP

(·)T, (·)D, (·)∗

Transpose, conjugate transpose, and the complex conjugate of a matrix

tr(R), ‖R‖, |R|

Trace, Euclidean norm, and the determinant of matrix R

⊗

Kronecker product between two matrices

In

n×n identity matrix

\( \mathbbm{E} \)

Expectation operator

k, l

Index of the UEs and index of the APs

Ï„c, Ï„s

The length of the channel coherence time, length of the UL training phase

Boldface lower case x

Column vectors

Boldface upper case X

Matrices

\( w\sim \mathcal{N}\left(0,{\sigma}^{{}^2}\right) \)

Real-valued Gaussian random variable

\( w\sim C\mathcal{N}\left(\mu, {\sigma}^{{}^2}\right) \)

Circularly symmetric complex Gaussian random variable with mean Î¼ and variance σ²