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Table 2 Urban fabric land use areas for the 13 selected European countries

From: Polycentric vs monocentric urban structure contribution to national development

Country

City

C.F*

D.D.F*

D.M.F*

G.F*

I/C.F*

R.F*

F.U.A*

(H)

CV

P(I)

Germany

Frankfurt

85.72

204.63

50.04

25.83

163.57

17.15

4300.38

0.45

0.122

4.11

München

54.65

259.19

78.91

59.02

157.14

16.38

5195.2

0.44

Berlin

86.08

430.6

355.51

120

661.47

49.77

17,455.74

0.37

Stuttgart

82.67

211.16

56.37

45.51

163.02

12.4

3650.82

0.5

UK

London

40.79

674.6

649.27

301.32

513.01

38.16

9094.34

0.7

0.156

6.40

Liverpool

16.24

129.12

30.86

41.86

68.97

3.33

645.49

1.0

Manchester

13.99

187.37

114.12

64.16

148.11

6.62

1275.95

0.97

Birmingham

6.3

216.69

122.22

53.17

139.52

6.55

1597.08

0.84

France

Paris

226.41

563.06

344.4

207.21

526.11

53.38

12,068.57

0.55

0.211

2.61

Marseille

28.9

79.61

75.43

17.98

65.68

4.76

3173.53

0.34

Toulouse

30.83

214.13

107.1

11.84

110.16

4.91

4038.86

0.41

Lyon

46.45

214.66

87.41

28.18

130.48

12.96

3317.72

0.51

Netherlands

Amsterdam

45.5

59.6

20.38

36.19

63.99

5.9

1172.48

0.64

0.106

7.74

Rotterdam

36.13

50.29

21.21

30.98

53.33

6.6

708.66

0.82

Eindhoven

22.66

23.71

12.05

10.36

36.31

0.79

327.05

0.73

Utrecht

13.5

29.59

18.19

13.46

28.26

1.87

389.64

0.787

Belgium

Antwerp

22.18

43.33

54.79

19.34

62.38

11.24

944.42

0.49

0.217

3.56

Brugge

4.48

18.8

12.34

3.47

19.83

2.02

411.96

0.51

Gent

7.33

33.25

47.8

8.9

48.57

5.08

539.49

0.77

Brussels

31.06

54.78

107.51

41.25

87.51

9.7

1623.95

0.65

Italy

Naples

44.06

51.38

30.3

10.17

75.51

3.92

566.56

0.95

0.345

2.76

Milano

59.6

88.53

57.59

32.57

177.24

9.4

1344.09

0.84

Rome

59.2

135.29

116.08

41.81

168.06

10.58

3595.23

0.51

Torino

33.4

37.92

37.48

18.82

119.56

5.68

1879.3

0.47

Slovakia

Bratislava

18.51

64.47

18.21

7.45

72.98

5.83

2045.92

0.35

0.141

2.49

Presov

6.15

26.66

9.11

1.72

14.38

0.96

933.82

0.26

Zilina

13.13

20.47

2.51

1.52

12.68

1.93

813.79

0.27

Kosice

17.15

40.28

14.33

4.04

38.45

5.57

1774.73

0.28

Spain

Barcelona

75.35

56.43

51.31

20.34

128.5

7.71

1799.52

0.61

0.395

1.54

Sevilla

45.56

21.47

16.6

12.58

66.32

3.02

3079.51

0.24

Valencia

37.26

16.29

16.75

9.4

72.13

3.39

1447.66

0.393

Madrid

86.98

118.18

89.78

100.09

251.1

14.76

8022.04

0.34

Greece

Athena

108.27

125.28

5.07

27.95

131.47

2.98

3040.45

0.45

0.462

0.98

Thessaloniki

31.33

40.56

10.77

3.32

51.84

0.85

1425.82

0.36

Larisa

10.57

17.06

6.23

1.15

23.29

1.71

1555.69

0.18

Ioannina

4.5

16.14

7.86

1.25

22.21

0.02

1326.32

0.18

Hungary

Budapest

148.71

253.37

60.44

37.86

138.89

12.14

2522.5

0.74

0.472

1.57

Debrecen

18.77

56.78

16.04

4.56

43.47

3.63

1675.52

0.33

Nyiregyhaza

22.4

71.06

17.71

1.19

29.15

3.01

1436.61

0.37

Kecskemet

12.61

42.85

13.2

4.48

34.07

2.96

1482.24

0.3

Poland

Warsaw

281.41

216.91

19.91

38.3

158.79

16.18

5201.72

0.47

0.295

2.24

Poznan

61.11

115.87

16.54

35.31

98.04

9.13

3716.15

0.35

Katowice

82.24

237.96

14.79

46.65

177.04

28.75

2635.79

0.66

Lodz

36.82

149.19

24.19

13.37

82.23

5.89

2856.74

0.39

Czech

Prague

106.34

268.72

62.45

79.7

191.48

23.18

6969.21

0.40

0.232

1.85

Brno

23.59

94.38

52.32

8

74.64

6.59

3299.23

0.32

Ostrava

71.99

156.9

54.59

35.16

108.28

14.16

3886.76

0.43

Plzen

17.63

89.28

20.62

3.66

49.15

5.82

3103.01

0.25

Portugal

Lisbon

90.02

88.4

39.18

26.39

97.34

4.07

1435.97

0.72

0.526

1.73

Porto

48.32

61.42

25.59

14.29

46.21

1.39

562.74

0.91

Braga

6.96

20.98

18.23

2.54

13.4

0.28

493.44

0.45

Faro

5.13

4.47

3.14

0.47

9.71

0.44

481.91

0.22

  1. *All areas are calculated in square kilometers
  2. *F.U.A = functional urban area which is an area that includes the city limits in addition to the commuting zone associated within it. It is calculated by Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union (EU) in cooperation with Urban Audit, 2016
  3. *This approach for calculating polycentricity is a sort of measuring land use urban equilibrium for the main four cities within a European country
  4. *Cities in bold are the major urban cities that scored the highest diversity index within every country